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Primary Cause
What was the primary cause of conflict between rich and poor in athens?
Generally, the rich get what they want to do whereas the poor do what they are told to do. This has been true for a long time. Remember the golden rule: He who has the gold, rules.
In addition the poor are the first to suffer from bad harvests, poor living conditions, onerous tax burdens, limited mental horizons and few choices when it comes to occupations, and may receive precious little protection from the government in time of war. The poor are discriminated against, even in the USA of today. When I was a kid other kids in the neighborhood beat me up because my clothing was in bad shape. The poor can't afford decent legal representation and for that reason are frequently easily outmaneuvered in court by people who know the system. And try getting dental care!
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| | Dragon Men's Primary Cause T-Shirt $19.95 You can have yourself pimped out yet again with this Dragon Men's Primary Cause T-Shirt, designed with a prominent look and a superior fit. Every now and then tee shirts are loud, rebellious, cheerful, and maybe even traditional, but this masterpiece here is simply a traditional classic. Skaters and skater haters could layer this masterpiece beneath a number of other tee shirts to really create a fashionable look for themselves. If you were headed up to the hills this weekend, you could sport this underneath a Dragon hoody for additional warmth. These also look good underneath ski jackets or snowboard coats when you're seeking to create the "I'm a bad ass" look. Let yourself go with the Men's Primary Cause T-Shirt and wear it proudly. These come in Black, Sand and Turquoise to help make color harmonizing swift and easy for all your escapades. |
| | Mind - Primary Cause of Human Evolution $29.25 No Synopsis Available |
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| | Primary Hyperparathyroidism $86.03 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles Primary hyperparathyroidism causes hypercalcemia (elevated blood calcium levels) through the excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), usually by an adenoma (benign tumors) of the parathyroid glands. Its incidence is approximately 42 per 100,000 people. It is almost exactly three times as common in women as men. The signs and symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism are those of hypercalcemia. They are classically summarized by the mnemonic stones, bones, abdominal groans and psychiatric moans. The most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is a sporadic, single parathyroid adenoma resulting from a clonal mutation ( 97). Less common are parathyroid hyperplasia ( 2.5), parathyroid carcinoma (malignant tumor), and adenomas in more than one gland (together 0.5). Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Tennoe, Mariam T./ Henssonow, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 108 Publication Date: 2010/10/10 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.02 x 0.26 inches |
| | Primary Immunodeficiency $74.88 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles Primary immunodeficiencies are disorders in which part of the bodys immune system is missing or does not function properly. To be considered a primary immunodeficiency, the cause of the immune deficiency must not be secondary in nature (i.e., caused by other disease, drug treatment, or environmental exposure to toxins). Most primary immunodeficiencies are genetic disorders; the majority are diagnosed in children under the age of one, although milder forms may not be recognized until adulthood. About 1 in 500 people is born with a primary immunodeficiency. The precise symptoms of a primary immunodeficiency depend on the type of defect. Generally, the symptoms and signs that lead to the diagnosis of an immunodeficiency include recurrent or persistent infections or developmental delay as a result of infection. Particular organ problems (e.g. diseases involving the skin, heart, facial development and skeletal system) may be present in certain conditions. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Tennoe, Mariam T./ Henssonow, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 100 Publication Date: 2010/10/10 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.02 x 0.24 inches |
| | Cause $60.54 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles On entend generalement par cause dun fait ce qui le produit ou du moins participe a sa production. Donner les causes dun fait revient a le rendre intelligible en repondant a la question: pourquoi ce fait atil lieu ?. La donnee des causes peut donc etre concue comme lexplication du fait par excellence. Author: Miller, Frederic P./ Vandome, Agnes F./ McBrewster, John Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 68 Publication Date: 2010/12/12 Language: French Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.02 x 0.16 inches |
| | Primary Hyperoxaluria $76.47 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles Primary hyperoxaluria results in increased excretion of oxalate, with oxalate stones being common. The oxalalate in these common conditions is derived from dietary sources or is secondary to malabsorption. Primary hyperoxaluria, on the other hand, refers to a specific type of hyperoxaluria that is due to a metabolic defect resulting from a heritable genetic defect. The buildup of oxalate in the body causes increased excretion of oxalate, which in turn results in renal and bladder stones. Stones cause urinary obstruction (often with severe and acute pain), secondary infection of urine and eventually kidney damage. Oxalate stones in primary hyperoxaluria tend to be severe, resulting in relatively early kidney damage (say teenage, early adulthood), which impairs the excretion of oxalate leading to a further acceleration in accumulation of oxalate in the body. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Tennoe, Mariam T./ Henssonow, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 100 Publication Date: 2010/10/21 Language: English Dimensions: 9.02 x 5.98 x 0.24 inches |
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the primary cause of dyslexia 1
Cause and Effect Diagrams (fishbone Diagrams)
Cause-and-Effect Diagrams
(Fishbone Diagrams)
It is difficult if not impossible to solve complicated problems without considering many factors and the cause-and-effect relationships between those factors. Defining and displaying those relationships helps. The first such cause-and-effect diagram was used by Kaoru Ishikawa in 1943 to explain to a group of engineers at the Kawasaki Steel Works how various work factors could be sorted and related. In recognition of this, these diagrams sometimes are called Ishikawa diagrams. They are also called fishbone diagrams, because they look something like fish skeletons.
What can it do for you?
Quality problems are typically not simple. They often involve the complex interaction of several causes. A cause-and-effect diagram will help you:
• Define and display the major causes, sub-causes and root causes that influence a process or a characteristic.
• Provide a focus for discussion and consensus.
• Visualize the possible relationships between causes which may be creating problems or defects.
Cause-and-effect diagrams are particularly useful in the measure and improve phases of Lean Six Sigma methodology.
How do you do it?
1. Decide which quality characteristic, outcome or effect you want to examine. You might consider Pareto analysis to help you focus on the most important issue.
2. Write your chosen effect on the right side of a paper, board or flipchart and draw a box around it. If you think of this as a fishbone diagram, this is the fish’s head.
3. Draw a straight line to the left, the fish’s backbone.
4. For each primary cause or category of causes, draw a diagonal line slanting from left to the centerline. Alternate these ribs on the top and bottom of the backbone. Label the end of each rib and draw a box around the label.
5. Draw a horizontal line intersecting the appropriate diagonal line and label it to describe each secondary cause that influences a primary cause. Alternate these medium sized bones to the left and right of each rib.
6. In a similar way, draw and label diagonal lines for third level or root causes, small bones, intersecting the secondary cause lines, medium sized bones.
7. Examine the diagram. If certain causes seem to have a significant effect on the characteristic you are examining, mark them in a special way.
Variation 1: Cause Enumeration
Sometime it may be very difficult to determine the primary causes to be included in your diagram. If that is the case, after you have determined the characteristic or effect you are examining, follow these steps:
• Use brainstorming to create a list of all the possible causes. The list will contain a mixture of primary, secondary and tertiary (or big bone, middle sized bone and small bone) causes.
• Sort the list by grouping causes that are related.
• Identify or name each major grouping and make your cause-and-effect diagram.
• Machine, Manpower, Material, Measurement, Method and Environment are frequently used major causes that can apply to many processes.
The advantage of the cause enumeration technique is that you stand a much better chance that all causes will be listed, especially hidden ones, and your diagram will be a complete and useful picture. The disadvantage is that it may be difficult to relate all the causes clearly to the result, making the diagram hard to draw.
Variation 2: Process Classification
Sometimes it is more helpful to look at causes in the sequence in which they occur instead of considering overreaching logical categories. With this approach, the center line or backbone follows the sequence of the process.
• Instead of primary causes as the ribs, show the major process steps from left to right.
• Construct your cause-and-effect diagram as before.
The advantage of this technique is that, since it follows the sequence of the process, it will be easy for everyone to understand. The disadvantages are that similar causes will appear again and again, and causes due to a combination of factors will be difficult to show.
Hints for Making Good Diagrams
1. Get input from many people involved in the process. Not only will this make for a more accurate diagram, everyone taking part will gain new knowledge.
2. Make one cause-and-effect diagram for each Critical-To-Quality (CTQ) characteristic you are considering. Trying to include all CTQs on one diagram will make it too large and complicated to be of much use as a problem solving tool.
3. Avoid generalities. Express each cause as concretely as possible.
4. Since you will use your diagram to direct the examination of specific cause-and-effect relationships with data, the characteristic you are considering and all the causal factors should be measurable. If they are not, try to make them measurable or find substitutes.
5. The objective of the cause-and-effect diagram is action. Be sure your causes are broken down to the level at which they can be acted on.
Now what?
• Use your diagram to develop a common understanding of the factors potentially influencing or causing a quality problem.
• Use your diagram as a road map for collecting data to verify the causal relationship of various factors to the characteristic.
• Continue to annotate and modify your diagram as you verify relationships and learn more.
Using a cause-and-effect diagram this way will help you to see which factors in your process need to be checked, modified or eliminated.
About the Author
Steven Bonacorsi is a Senior Master Black Belt instructor and coach. Steven Bonacorsi has trained hundreds of Master Black Belts, Black Belts, Green Belts, and Project Sponsors and Executive Leaders in Lean Six Sigma DMAIC and Design for Lean Six Sigma process improvement methodologies.
The AIT Group, Inc.
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