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Fibers Light
do electrons moving through a solid, ie copper wire travel at the speed of light?
its been many years since I took a physics class. also (stupid question) is the light moving through a fiber optic cable traveling as fast as light through air or a vacum?
whats a good source to study the math for these questions?
Its easy, but wrong to think of electrons as flowing like water in a pipe through a conductor. When there is no external 'electromotive force' (voltage) applied, all the electrons jump around randomly between atoms. The way electrons are, it is difficult to say 'how fast' they are travelling when they do this, due to quantum mechanical reasons (they dont so much as 'fly' from atom to atom, but sort of disapear from one place and appear in the other!). When you apply a voltage to create a current, very little is different. If you were watching the electrons when you applied a voltage, you'd not even notice anything different. What does happen though is that the 'average' path that the electrons take is ever so slightly altered to be in the direction of the voltage. like this http://www.physics.sjsu.edu/becker/physics51/images/26_23_Random_electron_motion_in_metal.JPG l You can measure the average 'drift' velocity, which is like the average 'flow' of electrons, and it usually is about a few mm per minute (or second, i cant quite remember, but its quite slow). Of course in AC current, the net 'flow' of electrons is 0! What does travel at the speed of light though is the 'electromagnetic wave' that is transmitted down the wire(s). It is this that carries the power and information. Light (and indeed all electromagnetic waves) travel at a speed that depends on the electrical and magnetic properties of the material in question. It is slightly slower in air than in a vacuum, and may be faster or slower for other materials (like optical fibres). But for nearly all purposes, its usually quite close to 'c' which is the speed of light in a vacuum. (But for something like a pair of copper wires, it might be significantly slower, like 60% the speed of light. It all depends on the magnetic permeability and the electric permitivity of the medium, which basically describe how well the substance is able to be magnetised, and electrically 'polarized' respectively)
The mathematics required depends on how 'deep' you want to go. Initially basic algebra and analysis are all that is needed. If you want to go further, though, you'll need to learn about 'complex' numbers (useful for describing waves and other oscilating things), and if you want to learn about classical electromagnetism and maxwells equations (well worth the effort, they are immesley cool), you will need to learn some vector analysis. If you already know this type of maths a little, heres some great meterial to read, highly recomended: http://www.scribd.com/doc/18086908/Introductory-Electromagnetics-Z-Popovic-B-Popovic
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| | Keratin Hair Fibers Light Brown 25G/0.87Oz $79.61 Contains colored organic fibers made of pure keratin protein Immediately thickens volumizes hair Perfect for thinning hair even the sparsest areas Not applicable to totally bald individuals. Product Line: XFusion Hair Care. Product Size: 25g/0.87oz |
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| | Jamaica Rug by Mat-The-Basics $660 The Mat-The-Basics Jamaica Rug provides luxurious comfort underfoot in a design with curved lines that add an artisan element to the cool, modern composition. The Jamaica Rug features wool felt geometric shapes stitched into the rug and visually connected by lines made of viscose fibers. Mat-The-Basics has pioneered a new type of carpet - refined, handmade rugs that combine innovative design with a dedication to the highest standards of craftsmanship. These carpets, inspired from contemporary shapes and colors, are created using the traditional techniques of skilled weavers including hand-tufting, hand-weaving and hand-knotting methods. The Mat-The-Basics Jamaica Rug is available with the following: Included Features: New Zealand/EU Wool blend. Stitched Wool Felt inlaid pattern.Viscose fiber lines. Hand-tufted. Made in India. Options: Color: Orange or White.Size: 4'6 x 6'6, 5'6 x 7'10, or 8' x 11'6. Shipping: This item usually ships within five business days. |
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DescriptionRay-Ban sunglasses need no explanation. The classic shapes of rayban sunglasses are back also. Ray-Ban is the world's best selling brand of sunglasses and has been around since 1937. |
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New Fiber Optic Technology
What would happen to this light in this piece of optical fibre ?
http://yfrog.com/izopticalj
so imagine this blue tube is an optical fibre, what would happen the the second piece of light that hit the crack?
It seems like to me the critical angle hasn't been met and it would go through.
I want to make an accurate image of light getting reflected back due to imperfection in the optical fibre how would I do this?
an imperfection in the fibre would cause some light to leak out or reflect back as you say.
it's a bit more complicated than you've drawn it though.... but drawing the light escaping or reflecting back would give an idea of things
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